The Norwegian government is working towards establishing mining facilities at the Fen Complex, Europe’s largest known rare-earths deposit, by 2028. Located approximately 150 km southwest of Oslo, the Fen Complex is estimated to contain around 15.9 million tonnes of rare-earth oxides, including vital elements like neodymium and praseodymium. These materials are essential for manufacturing powerful magnets used in electric vehicles, renewable energy technologies, and defence equipment.
However, the project has faced significant delays primarily due to environmental concerns. The proposed site for mineral-processing facilities is situated in a forested area that is home to 78 endangered species, including rare beetles, trees, mosses, and fungi. This ecological sensitivity has necessitated thorough surveys and assessments, leading to the Norwegian government taking over the planning process from local municipalities to explore alternative locations for surface installations.
Industry Minister Cecilie Myrseth has stated that the government aims to have a comprehensive plan in place by 2028, ideally sooner. The Fen Complex is seen as a critical asset for bolstering European supply chains for essential minerals, particularly as the continent currently relies heavily on imports from China for its rare-earth needs. With no rare-earth mining operations in Europe at present, the development of the Fen Complex could significantly enhance local production capabilities.
Rare earth metals are classified as critical by the European Union due to their importance in various high-tech applications, from smartphones to advanced military equipment. Rare Earths Norway (REN), the company holding the extraction rights, has assured that the mining operations will be largely subterranean, making the mine itself “invisible.” Nonetheless, surface processing facilities will still be necessary, which has raised additional environmental considerations.
REN has expressed optimism about commencing mining activities in the first half of the 2030s, aligning with the government’s strategic goals to reduce dependency on external sources for critical minerals and to enhance the sustainability of supply chains within Europe.
