MINEX Forum

Tag: lithium

  • US-Ukraine Investment Agreement Faces Long Road to Mining and Energy Sector Boost

    US-Ukraine Investment Agreement Faces Long Road to Mining and Energy Sector Boost

    The recently ratified investment agreement between Ukraine and the United States, championed by US President Donald Trump, is not anticipated to deliver tangible results for at least a decade, experts told the Financial Times.

    The agreement, approved by Ukraine’s parliament on May 8, outlines the establishment of a joint “reconstruction investment fund” to support future mining and energy projects. Despite optimism, industry leaders warn that substantial challenges lie ahead, including Russia’s ongoing war on Ukraine, heavily damaged infrastructure, restricted Soviet-era geological data, corruption risks, and unexploded ordnance contamination.

    According to Eric Rasmussen, former head of natural resources at the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, “It could be 10-15 years — that’s the sort of timeline we talk about.” Peter Bryant of the advisory group Clareo echoed these sentiments, stating that the deal “does little to de-risk the supply chain in the next 10 years.”

    Ukraine boasts significant natural resources, including iron ore, coal, lithium, graphite, and titanium-bearing ores. It is also Europe’s third-largest gas producer. While oil and gas fields may be quicker to develop, mining projects are expected to face lengthy geological exploration before reaching feasibility.

    Ukrainian Minister Yulia Svyrydenko mentioned that the reconstruction fund would be operational “within a few weeks,” although profits are expected to be reinvested for the first decade.

    US-backed TechMet, which aims to secure Ukrainian lithium, called the agreement promising but noted the long-term commitment required. DTEK, Ukraine’s largest private energy firm, expressed optimism, signaling that Ukraine was “open for business.”

    However, not all are convinced. One mining executive remarked skeptically, “This romantic idea that there’s lakes of lithium to be tapped is just not the case.”

  • EU’s Lithium Gamble in Serbia Faces Political Turmoil and Public Backlash

    EU’s Lithium Gamble in Serbia Faces Political Turmoil and Public Backlash

    The European Union’s ambitious transition to electric vehicles has hit a political and environmental wall in Serbia, as the Jadar lithium mining project—touted as a game-changer for Europe’s battery supply—becomes entangled in controversy, public protests, and fears of corruption, Politico reports.

    The Jadar deposit, considered one of the richest in Europe, could power up to a million electric vehicles annually and potentially meet a quarter of Europe’s lithium demand. Unsurprisingly, the EU had eyed the site as a cornerstone for its Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA), aimed at reducing reliance on China for essential resources.

    Developed by mining giant Rio Tinto, the project initially appeared to align with Brussels’ green goals. However, it has triggered fierce resistance in Serbia over environmental concerns and deep mistrust in government transparency. Public sentiment has turned sharply against the mine, seeing it as a symbol of elite corruption and foreign exploitation.

    “If the EU backs Jadar, it sends the message that economic interests override its core values,” warned Aleksandar Matković, a Serbian researcher and protest organizer. The opposition movement, gaining traction as part of broader anti-government unrest, intensified after a state-friendly documentary branded activists as “foreign agents.”

    Even EU Commissioner for Industry, Thierry Breton, notably excluded any non-EU projects—including Jadar—from the March 2025 list of CRMA strategic ventures. Though the Commission reiterated its commitment to Serbia as a strategic partner, critics speculate that Jadar’s controversial status may have played a role.

    Tensions escalated further when Serbian President Aleksandar Vučić met with EU leaders, facing sharp criticism for democratic backsliding. While Vučić accused protesters of being Western-funded, EU officials insisted on reforms in media freedom, anti-corruption efforts, and election integrity.

    Despite the official suspension of the project in January 2022 following mass protests, Rio Tinto has remained active in Serbia—maintaining offices, acquiring over 500 properties, and claiming $500 million already invested. Critics see this as a sign the project is merely paused, not canceled.

    Environmental activist Marija Vuković voiced the growing fear in the region of Loznica, near the proposed site: “People don’t trust the government. They believe their land and water will be sacrificed for someone else’s gain.”

    While some locals welcome the promise of jobs, others are wary of irreversible environmental damage and the potential transformation of the region into a “sacrifice zone.”

    EU policymakers now face a dilemma: Can they back a project so vital to Europe’s green future without appearing complicit in environmental degradation and democratic decline?

    The stakes go beyond lithium. Serbia’s geopolitical balancing act—between the EU, Russia, and China—adds layers of complexity. A move by Brussels perceived as aligning with Vučić could backfire, undermining EU credibility in the Balkans.

    “The EU cannot afford to seem like it’s trading values for minerals,” Matković concluded. “That would betray the very essence of the European project.”

  • Kazakhstan Targets Nearly ₸12 Billion Investment in Rare Earth Metal Development

    Kazakhstan Targets Nearly ₸12 Billion Investment in Rare Earth Metal Development

    Kazakhstan is set to attract nearly ₸11.79 billion (approx. $26 million) in investments for the exploration and development of rare earth metal deposits over the next four years, according to the Ministry of Industry and Construction.

    Currently, Kazakhstan does not produce rare earth raw materials. However, it already extracts several critical metals recognized by the EU, UK, and US, including beryllium, tantalum, niobium, fluorspar, titanium, rhenium, vanadium, antimony, bismuth, scandium, phosphorus, coking coal, bauxite, barite, copper, magnesium, tellurium, and manganese.

    The government has identified cobalt, tungsten, lithium, and other metals used in batteries and magnet production as key priorities. The national mineral reserve includes 56 cobalt deposits, 21 tungsten deposits, and 7 lithium fields. Exploration and production initiatives for lithium are already underway, including partnerships with German investors, potentially totaling $500 million if reserves are confirmed.

    As part of its 2024–2028 strategic plan, Kazakhstan aims to:

    • Expand its resource base,

    • Implement advanced extraction technologies,

    • Modernize production,

    • Develop new standards for critical minerals.

    The state budget and alternative funding sources will support this effort. In addition, Kazakhstan seeks to become a key player in the battery material supply chain. In 2024, it began manganese sulfate processing, capturing 5% of the global market.

    Several mid-term projects are also in development, including:

    • Cobalt, lithium, tin, and tungsten processing facilities,

    • A UK-Kazakh project in Zhezkazgan processing imported heat-resistant nickel alloys to extract rhenium,

    • A Chinese investment in tungsten trioxide production.

    The Ministry of Industry believes these initiatives will significantly strengthen Kazakhstan’s position in rare and critical metal production within three years. Kazakhstan is already a leading global producer of titanium, beryllium, and tantalum, and aims to attract new partners through technology transfer agreements.

    These moves align with Kazakhstan’s broader strategic partnership with the United States, particularly in energy and critical minerals. President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev has emphasized the importance of developing what he called the country’s “new oil” — critical minerals vital for the global energy transition.

  • Vulcan Energy Finalizes Acquisition of Geox, Expands Lithium and Renewable Energy Footprint in Germany

    Vulcan Energy Finalizes Acquisition of Geox, Expands Lithium and Renewable Energy Footprint in Germany

    Vulcan Energy has successfully completed the acquisition of Geox GmbH, securing 100% ownership of its geothermal wells, renewable energy generation assets, and a geothermal and lithium licence in the Landau region of Germany. This strategic move consolidates Vulcan’s upstream Phase One assets and replaces the former Joint Venture and brine offtake agreements with Geox.

    The Landau site is also home to Vulcan’s Lithium Extraction Optimisation Plant (LEOP) and the future Geothermal and Lithium Extraction Plant (G-LEP), which are central to the company’s Phase One Lionheart Project. The project aims to produce battery-grade lithium for European offtake partners and deliver renewable energy and heating to local consumers.

    As part of its development plans, Vulcan will dismantle the existing geothermal power plant at the Geox site, ramp up brine production, and begin supplying baseload renewable heating to the City of Landau. The renewable heating portion of the project has already secured a €100 million grant from the German Federal Government.

    Vulcan estimates that 20% of its Phase One upstream brine production will come from the newly acquired licence area, reinforcing its mission to deliver zero-carbon lithium alongside sustainable energy.

    Managing Director and CEO Cris Moreno stated:

    “The completion of the acquisition of Geox is the final step in consolidating our upstream renewable energy assets for Phase One, streamlining operations, and an important pre-requisite to finalising our Phase One financing package. We are at an important juncture in the history of Vulcan and look forward to sharing more developments as we transition to the construction and production phase of the project.”

  • Uzbekistan Signs Critical Minerals Investment Deals with U.S. Companies

    Uzbekistan Signs Critical Minerals Investment Deals with U.S. Companies

    Uzbekistan announced on Wednesday, April 9, 2025, that it has signed a series of agreements with U.S. companies to boost investment in its critical minerals sector. The deals come as global demand for essential minerals like copper, lithium, and cobalt continues to soar due to their key role in electric vehicle batteries, solar panels, and other high-tech industries.

    According to a statement from Uzbekistan’s trade ministry, the agreements—signed during a government delegation’s visit to Washington—cover investments in both the exploration and extraction of mineral resources. They also include plans for building grinding machinery and training Uzbek specialists.

    The move aligns with broader efforts by the United States and the European Union to reduce their dependence on China, which currently dominates the global critical minerals market.

    Uzbekistan, a former Soviet republic, has drawn increasing interest from Western nations looking to diversify their supply chains amid ongoing geopolitical tensions. President Shavkat Mirziyoyev has made liberalizing the economy a central priority of his administration. In March, he unveiled a $2.6 billion investment plan aimed at modernizing and expanding the country’s mineral sector.

  • Lithium Mine Project in France Designated Strategic by EU: A Boon or Burden?

    Lithium Mine Project in France Designated Strategic by EU: A Boon or Burden?

    The Imerys EMILI lithium mine project in the Allier region has been designated a “strategic project” by the European Commission. While this designation is undoubtedly positive, sparking celebrations amongst proponents, a closer look reveals a more nuanced reality.

    Securing the “strategic project” label offers several tangible benefits. Primarily, it unlocks easier access to crucial European funding, a lifeline for any ambitious mining project, especially in Europe where regulations and operating costs often outweigh those in other regions.

    The label also promises streamlined administrative procedures, providing greater predictability and efficiency in the notoriously complex world of European bureaucracy. While currently, administrative hurdles in France are already relatively manageable, this designation further strengthens the certainty for project developers.

    However, the label is not a carte blanche. The EMILI project, now under the microscope of heightened scrutiny, will be held to even stricter standards regarding environmental protection, social responsibility, and democratic engagement.

    This increased responsibility is seen by many as a necessary trade-off, ensuring that the pursuit of vital resources doesn’t come at the cost of environmental degradation or social displacement.

    The project’s impact extends far beyond local shores. In a volatile geopolitical landscape where access to critical minerals is increasingly contested, Europe’s recognition of EMILI as a strategic venture highlights the continent’s commitment to securing its own supply chains and asserting its technological sovereignty.

    For proponents, the “strategic project” designation cements the project’s role as a cornerstone of European industry and a generator of green energy solutions. They argue that the exceptional lithium deposit in the Allier region, coupled with responsible development practices, will offer a unique opportunity to generate economic growth and prosperity for both the region and the continent.

    The coming months and years will reveal whether EMILI can successfully navigate the challenges and fulfill its ambition to become a model for sustainable, ethically responsible lithium extraction in Europe.

  • Docville Cancels Lithium Mine Documentary Due to “Overestimated Sensitivity”

    Docville Cancels Lithium Mine Documentary Due to “Overestimated Sensitivity”

    The Docville documentary festival in Leuven has decided to cancel a planned screening and debate surrounding a controversial lithium mine in Serbia. The decision, described as being made “with a bit of a heavy heart,” was influenced by the subject’s sensitivity. The festival’s director, Frank Moens, confirmed to VRT NWS that this marks the first time such a cancellation has occurred at the festival.

    The cancellation applies to the debate titled “Ethical Mining: Is That Possible?” and the accompanying documentary, Not in My Country: Serbia’s Lithium Dilemma, directed by Peter Tom Jones of the KU Leuven Institute for Sustainable Metals and Minerals. The documentary explores the contentious development of a lithium mine in Serbia’s Jadar Valley.

    The European Union sees lithium mining as crucial for the green transition, especially for producing batteries for electric vehicles. However, Europe faces challenges in mining lithium domestically, with Serbia identified as a prime location. Yet, proposals to establish lithium mines have provoked significant opposition due to concerns over environmental impacts, such as polluted water, noise, and threats to biodiversity.

    Jones, who supports lithium mining as part of the green transition, highlights emotional and historical resistance within Serbia. Activists have voiced concerns about the mine’s potential to harm agriculture, water quality, and the local ecosystem, including threats to bees and other wildlife.

    Moens explained the difficulty of organising a balanced debate on the topic, as some parties refused to participate if specific individuals were included, and there were disagreements over moderators. Without a debate, the festival opted not to show the documentary. This contrasts with last year’s successful discussion about a Swedish lithium mine, which included perspectives from the indigenous Sami community. Moens admitted, “We probably underestimated it a bit.”

    Despite this setback, Docville still offers a wide range of documentaries, with the festival kicking off next Wednesday.

  • Ukraine’s Mineral Wealth Attracts Global Interest, Valued at $26 Trillion

    Ukraine’s Mineral Wealth Attracts Global Interest, Valued at $26 Trillion

    Ukraine’s vast mineral resources, estimated to be worth $26 trillion, have drawn significant international attention. The country’s subsoil holds approximately 5% of the world’s total mineral resources, including rare earth metals, which have sparked particular interest from the new US president.

    Ukraine boasts over 20,000 mineral deposits of at least 20 types, making it a key player in the global mining industry. Among its most valuable resources are iron ore, titanium, manganese, uranium, rare earth metals, graphite, lithium, gallium, copper, and zinc.

    The Kryvyi Rih Basin is home to Ukraine’s largest iron ore reserves, estimated at 27.4 billion tons, accounting for over 90% of the country’s production. Ukraine also holds the largest titanium reservesin Europe, representing about 7% of the global total, a critical resource for industries like aerospaceand medical equipment.

    In addition, Ukraine is a global leader in manganese reserves, with significant deposits in the Nikopol Basin. The country also possesses 2.3% of the world’s uranium reserves and a variety of rare earth metals essential for nuclear energy and advanced technologies.

    Ukraine ranks among the top five countries globally for natural graphite reserves, with 18 million tonsof confirmed deposits and 100 million tons of potential resources. The country is also a major supplier of lithium, with estimated reserves of 500,000 tons, crucial for battery production.

    Furthermore, Ukraine is the fifth-largest producer of gallium, a vital component in semiconductor manufacturing, and a significant producer of copper (4th in Europe) and zinc (6th in Europe).

  • Zelenskiy Freezes US Mineral Deal, Seeks Middle Eastern Investors

    Zelenskiy Freezes US Mineral Deal, Seeks Middle Eastern Investors

    Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy has suspended a proposed deal to exploit Ukraine’s vast mineral resources, estimated to be worth trillions of dollars, after the US provided little in return. Zelenskiy is now seeking new investors in the Middle East.

    The agreement, reached with US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent last week, remains unsigned as it “does not adequately protect the country’s interests,” according to Zelenskiy. US President Donald Trump demanded access to $500 billion worth of Ukrainian minerals as compensation for US support during the three-year war, but failed to offer the crucial security guarantees Zelenskiy seeks in any deal.

    Zelenskiy insists that any minerals agreement must include not only subsoil resources but also security guarantees and foreign investment in Ukraine, all legally formalized. However, it is increasingly apparent that none of Ukraine’s allies are willing to provide a genuine security deal.

    The relationship between Zelenskiy and Trump has deteriorated, particularly after the US announced Europe’s exclusion from Ukraine ceasefire talks that began in Riyadh on February 18. Retired Lieutenant General Keith Kellogg, special envoy to Ukraine, had stated Ukraine would be at the table, but no Ukrainian representatives were present when Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov started talks with US Secretary of State Marco Rubio.

    In light of these developments, Zelenskiy has turned to the Middle East for new partnerships. During a visit to the UAE, he announced the signing of a bilateral trade agreement, the first of its kind between Ukraine and a Gulf nation. The agreement opens the UAE market to almost all Ukrainian goods and is expected to boost Ukraine’s GDP growth.

    Zelenskiy was scheduled to visit Saudi Arabia but canceled his plans as President Trump began US-Russia bilateral negotiations in Riyadh aimed at stopping Russia’s war against Ukraine. Prior to this, a Ukrainian delegation had already started discussions with Saudi Arabian entrepreneurs, presenting investment opportunities worth $500 million in various sectors including energy, agriculture, and infrastructure.

    As negotiations continue, the value of Ukraine’s mineral deposits has been estimated at up to $11.5 trillion, including significant reserves of critical minerals such as lithium and titanium. The outcome of these discussions could have significant implications for Ukraine’s economic future and its relationships with global powers.

  • Savannah Resources to Resume Drilling at Barroso Lithium Project After Suspension Lifted

    Savannah Resources to Resume Drilling at Barroso Lithium Project After Suspension Lifted

    Savannah Resources (LON: SAV) will immediately restart fieldwork and drilling at its Barroso lithium project in Portugal after the government lifted a temporary suspension order.

    The British company had paused work earlier this month following a precautionary injunction filed by landowners challenging the government’s approval for Savannah to access land it does not own. However, authorities issued a “reasoned resolution” stating that delays would be costly and harmful to the public interest, according to Savannah’s statement.

    Despite the news, Savannah’s stock fell 1.02% to £4.36 per share in London on Friday, giving the company a £95 million ($120 million) market capitalization.

    Barroso’s spodumene deposit is Europe’s largest, with recent prospecting results indicating it could exceed the previously estimated 28 million tonnes of high-grade lithium. However, the project has faced strong local opposition, including protests, legal battles, and refusals to sell land. Approximately 24% of the required land is privately owned, while 75% consists of common land (“baldios”).

    First Lithium Output in 2027

    Savannah aims to build four open-pit mines to supply lithium for 500,000 to 1 million electric vehicle batteries annually. The company is targeting first production by 2027.

    Once operational, Barroso is expected to produce 1.5 million tonnes annually over a 14-year mine life, based on a 20.5-million-tonne resource at 1.05% lithium oxide.