The Geological Survey of Estonia has commissioned Swedish-Finnish engineering firm AFRY to conduct a preliminary economic assessment (PEA) and pre-feasibility study (PFS) for a major phosphate ore project in Toolse, Estonia.
Estonia hosts some of Europe’s largest phosphorite reserves, which are rich in phosphorus—an essential component in fertiliser production. These deposits also contain rare earth elements critical for electronics, renewable energy, and battery technologies. The project aims to strengthen Estonia’s role in supplying key raw materials while reducing dependency on imports.
AFRY’s assessment will cover economic viability, environmental impacts, and the socio-economic outcomes of phosphate extraction, with a focus on phosphoric acid production. Both surface and underground mining methods will be evaluated, along with the feasibility of a beneficiation plant and full production chain.
According to Sirli Sipp Kulli, Director of the Geological Survey of Estonia, the project’s success depends on strict sustainability standards and responsible resource use. “Our focus is on long-term benefits to local communities, including job creation and regional development,” she said.
AFRY’s Janne Tikka added that their holistic approach integrates process technologies with environmental performance to ensure responsible development. The project could significantly support Estonia’s agricultural sector, attract investment, and reinforce its position in the global critical materials supply chain.
