MINEX Forum

Tag: lithium extraction

  • Vulcan Energy’s Mannheim Project Delivers 76% Lithium Resource Boost, Reinforces Europe’s Clean Tech Supply Chain

    Vulcan Energy’s Mannheim Project Delivers 76% Lithium Resource Boost, Reinforces Europe’s Clean Tech Supply Chain

    Vulcan Energy Resources has reported a 76% increase in lithium resources at its flagship Mannheim project in Germany, cementing its role in Europe’s quest for sustainable and domestic battery materials. The resource estimate now stands at 3.2 million tonnes of lithium carbonate equivalent (LCE), up from 1.83 million tonnes, following successful 3D seismic survey results.

    Located in the Upper Rhine Valley Brine Field (URVBF), the Mannheim project uniquely combines geothermal energy generation with direct lithium extraction (DLE) from underground brine. This world-first dual-resource approach aims to deliver carbon-neutral lithium, a key ingredient for electric vehicle batteries and Europe’s green transition.

    Vulcan also revealed its first-ever geothermal resource estimate, with recoverable energy of 548 petajoules, creating operational synergies such as shared drilling, reduced fossil fuel use, and district heating partnerships — notably with Germany’s MVV Energie AG.

    CEO Cris Moreno framed the project as a “strategic decarbonisation engine”, noting its role in boosting Europe’s lithium autonomy while slashing the carbon footprint of battery production. He called it a “significant asset for Europe’s energy and critical raw materials security.”

    The company is now preparing a scoping study that will guide commercial development timelines. The phased buildout strategy allows Vulcan to generate early cash flow, scale production, and supply up to half a million EV batteries annually — without relying on imports from geopolitically sensitive regions.

    In contrast to traditional hard rock or evaporative lithium mining, Vulcan’s DLE method minimizes water use, emissions, and land disturbance, offering a compelling ESG case and potential pricing premium in the market.

    The expansion also aligns with EU Critical Raw Materials Act priorities and opens the door for long-term partnerships with carmakers, battery producers, and clean energy utilities across Europe.

  • Germany Bets on Ion Pump Technology to Extract Lithium Sustainably from Geothermal Brine

    Germany Bets on Ion Pump Technology to Extract Lithium Sustainably from Geothermal Brine

    Germany is taking a bold step toward energy independence and environmental sustainability with the launch of the “Thermion” project, aimed at extracting lithium from geothermal brine using an innovative ion pump technology. Spearheaded by the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE and supported by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Protection, the project targets lithium-rich geothermal sources in the Upper Rhine Graben—a region considered highly promising for such extraction.

    Unlike conventional lithium mining from hard rock or salt flats—which causes significant CO₂ emissions, consumes large amounts of water, and damages local ecosystems—this method offers a clean alternative. The ion pump selectively captures lithium from thermal water extracted from depths of 3 to 5 kilometers, with the brine subsequently returned to its source almost unchanged. This closed-loop process not only conserves resources but also avoids chemical contamination and landscape disruption.

    The Thermion project will focus on both scientific evaluation of regional lithium reserves and the development of a scalable, efficient extraction process. Operating at 15 to 20 bar and 70°C within existing geothermal power systems, the ion pump enhances economic viability by utilizing dual infrastructure for both energy and lithium production.

    Backed by €2.6 million in government funding, the three-year initiative also envisions the future extraction of other valuable minerals such as cesium, rubidium, and cobalt. If successful, it could significantly reduce Germany’s dependence on lithium imports from countries like Australia and China, strengthen its battery production sector, and help meet growing demand for this critical mineral—expected to rise six-fold by 2030.

    However, challenges remain. To make geothermal lithium extraction a competitive and scalable solution, quicker project approvals and improved cost efficiency are essential. Public support will also be crucial, necessitating transparent communication and community engagement. With legislative support like the proposed Geothermal Acceleration Act, Germany could set a global example for clean, local resource extraction integrated with renewable energy.

  • Serbia Faces Controversy Over Europe’s Largest Lithium Project

    Serbia Faces Controversy Over Europe’s Largest Lithium Project

    The Serbian government is pushing forward with plans for what could become Europe’s largest lithium and boron extraction project, led by the multinational company Rio Tinto. Officials, including the president, have been actively working to secure the investment, even resorting to tactics aimed at discrediting critics. However, the project has faced widespread public resistance, fueled by environmental concerns and allegations of political corruption. For months, protests have erupted across the country, with a core group of rural residents leading the charge. These individuals, who may face property expropriation, are determined to oppose the mine and its potential impacts on their communities and the environment.

  • Cornish Lithium raises $6.2m to keep UK project alive

    Cornish Lithium raises $6.2m to keep UK project alive

    British start-up Cornish Lithium has successfully raised £5.1 million, or approximately $6.2 million, through an impressive crowdfunding campaign. This campaign stands out as one of the largest of its kind carried out in the UK this year. In fact, it holds the distinction of being the largest campaign by a B2B business on Crowdcube in 2023. Existing shareholders were given priority access to the financing round with Crowdcube, resulting in a remarkable investment of £1 million, or $1.2 million, in just 27 minutes.

    The crowdfunding initiative, launched in early September, aimed to provide both existing shareholders of Cornish Lithium and new retail shareholders the opportunity to invest alongside the £67 million, or $82 million, granted by the UK Infrastructure Bank, the Energy and Minerals Group, and TechMet. With this comprehensive investment package, as well as the funds raised through the crowdfunding campaign, Cornish Lithium will be able to advance its Trelavour project, which focuses on extracting lithium from hard rock in Cornwall, southwest England. The project’s objective is to produce approximately 8,000 tonnes per year of battery-grade lithium hydroxide.

    The Trelavour hard rock lithium project comprises an open pit mine of lithium-enriched granite and associated processing facilities that will yield a concentrate of lithium-bearing mica. The mica concentrate will then be used to produce lithium hydroxide at an industrial site near the mine. According to a scoping study supported by the UK’s Automotive Transformation Fund and the Advanced Propulsion Centre, the Trelavour mine is projected to produce 25 million tonnes per annum. With an estimated operational life of 20 years, the mine aims to generate an average of 7,800 tonnes of lithium hydroxide annually.

    Cornish Lithium had initially targeted commencing production by 2026, which would have strategically positioned the company to take advantage of the European Union’s ongoing efforts to rebuild its automotive supply chains around battery metals and promote the widespread adoption of electric vehicles. It is worth noting that another company, British Lithium, has also set its sights on Cornwall for its battery metals ambitions. In collaboration with France’s Imerys, British Lithium plans to establish a mine capable of producing enough lithium to power 500,000 electric vehicles annually by the end of the decade.

    Currently, the UK relies on lithium imports from leading global producers, namely Australia and Chile, as it does not possess any domestic lithium operations. Recognizing the need for a secure and sustainable domestic supply of lithium, Cornish Lithium and other companies are actively working towards filling this gap in the market. Furthermore, with the European Commission’s ambitious plans to construct large-scale battery plants that will support the production of cells for at least six million electric vehicles by 2025, British carmakers face mounting pressure. The UK government has made a commitment to cease the sale of new diesel and gasoline vehicles by 2035, further emphasizing the urgent need for sustainable alternatives such as electric vehicles.

  • Vulcan begins commissioning of lithium extraction plant in Germany

    Vulcan begins commissioning of lithium extraction plant in Germany

    ASX-listed Vulcan Energy Resources has started commissioning of its lithium extraction optimisation plant (LEOP) in Landau at Upper Rhine Valley in Germany.

    Considered to be a milestone for Vulcan, the plant will extract, purify and increase the concentration of lithium chloride from brine. This phase is said to be a major step forward for the company and its zero-carbon lithium project.

    The start of the plant will enable the domestic supply independence of lithium, a critical raw material that is used in the production of electric vehicle (EV) batteries.

    Vulcan stated that the commissioning phase will continue until October, which is also when the first brine will be introduced into the plant to begin the lithium extraction process.

    Construction on the project began last year and was designed for optimisation, operational training and product qualification facility to provide commercial readiness by the end of 2025.

    Vulcan CEO Cris Moreno said: “By 2030, Europe is likely to face a significant lithium shortage, which could have serious implications for the European battery and automotive industries if domestic supplies are not realised. Vulcan is gearing up to be the first to produce lithium from Europe, for Europe, but also to be the first company worldwide to produce carbon-neutral lithium.

    “The start of the commissioning of our LEOP facility is a key step toward the implementation of phase one of our Zero Carbon Lithium™ Project, and in enabling a secure and independent European supply chain for lithium.”

    The initial phase of commercial operations at the plant aims to have a production of 24,000tpa of lithium hydroxide production, which will be supplied to off-takers in Europe.

    For lithium extraction from brine, Vulcan will use adsorption-type direct lithium extraction (A-DLE), which is claimed to have been commercially proven.

    The method can be deployed for low operating costs, more time efficiency and reduced carbon footprint compared to legacy industry methods for producing lithium. It will be powered using renewable heat instead of gas.

  • Vulcan fires up European lithium extraction plant

    Vulcan fires up European lithium extraction plant

    Vulcan Energy Resources has fired up its lithium extraction optimisation plant (LEOP) in Germany’s Upper Rhine Valley – a moment the company describes as a “significant milestone”.

    The budding carbon-neutral lithium developer is nudging closer to being the first company in Europe to produce the sought-after lithium hydroxide concentrate – crucial in the manufacturing of lithium-ion batteries – for the European market.

    Management has today revealed it has begun the commissioning phase for its LEOP and it is is expected to run until October, when the first bubbling-hot brine will be introduced into the plant for the lithium extraction process to begin.

    The newly-constructed LEOP is a ramped-up version of Vulcan’s pilot plant that has successfully produced lithium chloride from its producing well sites for the past two and half years.

    To extract lithium from brines, Vulcan is employing the adsorption-type direct lithium extraction (A-DLE) method, which has the added benefits of lower operating costs, greater time efficiency and a lower carbon footprint than legacy industry methods of lithium production.

    In the extraction process, the company will use its proprietary sorbent “VULSORB®”, which it has demonstrated to have a higher performance and lower water consumption for lithium extraction when compared with other commercially-available sorbents.

    From the LEOP, the lithium chloride will be refined to lithium hydroxide at Vulcan’s downstream central lithium electrolyser optimisation plant (CLEOP) in Frankfurt- Höchst and packaged up for further testing by notable offtake partners including Stellantis, Volkswagen, Renault, Umicore and LG Energy Solution.

    The commencement of the commissioning of our LEOP facility represents a significant milestone for us, as well as the entire European battery industry. By 2030, Europe is likely to face a significant lithium shortage, which could have serious implications for the European battery and automotive industries if domestic supplies are not realised. Vulcan is gearing up to be the first to produce lithium from Europe, for Europe, but also to be the first company worldwide to produce carbon-neutral lithium. The start of the commissioning of our LEOP facility is a key step toward the implementation of Phase One of our Zero Carbon Lithium Project, and in enabling a secure and independent European supply chain for lithium.

    Vulcan Energy Resources managing director and chief executive officer Cris Moreno

    With the company’s sights set firmly on a 2025 production target, it is also stepping up to help solve Europe’s looming lithium supply shortfall, with production forecast to supply up to 24,000 tonnes per annum of lithium hydroxide monohydrate.

    Located in the Upper Rhine Valley that extends across France, Germany and Switzerland, Vulcan has its foot on a 300km “graben” system that contains a sedimentary-hosted geothermal lithium reservoir that hosts 26.6 million tonnes of lithium carbonate equivalent – the biggest lithium resource in the European Union.

    Pioneering a carbon-free future, the company lays claim to the world’s first integrated renewable energy lithium extraction and lithium hydroxide project with net-zero greenhouse gas emissions, with the co-production of renewable geothermal energy on a mass scale.

    As Europe sweats through one of its hottest summers on record, discussions around climate change continue to be front and centre as the subcontinent steers towards its lofty 2050 carbon-neutral goals. With the transition to a global electric mobile fleet in full swing, Vulcan is neatly positioned to meet the unprecedented demand for the critical battery metal with its net-carbon neutral lithium.