Azerbaijan’s mining sector is increasingly becoming a significant contributor to the country’s non-oil exports, as evidenced by the latest trade data from the first half of 2026. The country reported a remarkable $202.2 million in primary non-oil gold exports, alongside substantial figures for raw copper concentrate at $135.9 million and aluminum products at $58.9 million. However, a crucial detail in the trade report indicates that the gold exports exclude monetary gold, which has led to some misconceptions regarding the relationship between gold imports by the State Oil Fund of the Republic of Azerbaijan (SOFAZ) and the country’s export figures.
The distinction between monetary and non-monetary gold is vital for understanding Azerbaijan’s economic landscape. Monetary gold, held as a reserve by central banks and sovereign wealth funds, does not impact the current account but rather the financial account of the balance of payments. In contrast, non-monetary gold, which is mined and sold on international markets, is reflected in the trade statistics. The $202.2 million in gold exports is attributed to local mining operations rather than SOFAZ’s reserve strategies.
Key players in this burgeoning mining sector include Anglo Asian Mining PLC and AzerGold CJSC. Anglo Asian Mining has been active in Azerbaijan since the mid-2000s, expanding its operations in the Gadabay and Gosha fields, while AzerGold focuses on the Chovdar mine and other extraction sites. The increase in copper exports, which surged from $12.3 million in H1 2025 to $135.9 million in H1 2026, underscores the growth of the domestic mining industry, driven by enhanced production capabilities and favourable international prices.
The implications of these developments extend beyond mere export figures. Traditionally reliant on agricultural exports, Azerbaijan is witnessing a shift as mining gains prominence in its non-oil export strategy. The combined revenue from gold, copper, and aluminum reached $397 million in just six months, signalling a potential transformation in the country’s economic focus.
Furthermore, the geographic aspect of mining development aligns with Azerbaijan’s broader reconstruction strategy, particularly in areas bordering the liberated territories. As geological surveys and mining activities expand into these regions, the contribution of the mining sector to non-oil exports is expected to grow even further in the coming years, despite fluctuations in global commodity prices.
