The US House of Representatives has passed the Developing Overseas Mineral Investments and New Allied Networks for Critical Energies Act — known as the DOMINANCE Act — bipartisan legislation designed to reduce American dependence on China for critical minerals and build more resilient supply chains through expanded cooperation with allied and partner nations.
The legislation was introduced by Representatives Ami Bera and Young Kim of California. It addresses four main pillars: expanding cooperation with allies and partners on mineral security, supporting strategic mineral and energy investments, strengthening US energy diplomacy, and investing in the workforce and expertise required to build diversified and resilient critical mineral supply chains.
Bera framed the bill as a matter of national security that transcends partisan lines. “Today, China controls roughly 90% of global rare earth processing capacity, creating a strategic vulnerability that Beijing has shown it is willing to exploit through export restrictions and economic coercion,” he said. “The United States must continue expanding domestic mining, processing, refining, and recycling capacity, but we cannot build secure and resilient supply chains alone.”
The legislation has attracted support from a broad coalition spanning national security, manufacturing, technology, energy and policy organisations, including the National Association of Manufacturers, the Information Technology Industry Council, the Bipartisan Policy Center Action, the Climate Leadership Council and the US-ASEAN Business Council.
The bill now moves to the Senate. Its passage through the House reflects growing bipartisan consensus that securing critical mineral supply chains is a strategic imperative requiring both domestic capacity building and systematic allied engagement — a recognition accelerated by China’s progressive tightening of export controls on gallium, germanium, graphite, antimony and rare earth elements over the past two years.
