MINEX Forum

Region: Europe

  • Sweden Lifts Uranium Mining Ban, Opening Path to Exploration from January

    Sweden Lifts Uranium Mining Ban, Opening Path to Exploration from January

    Sweden’s parliament, the Riksdag, has voted to repeal a 2018 moratorium on uranium mining, reopening the country to exploration and production beginning January 1. The decision restores uranium’s status under the Minerals Act, enabling companies to apply for exploration and mining concessions after a seven-year freeze.

    The move positions Sweden — which holds an estimated 27% of Europe’s known uranium resources, according to the Geological Survey of Sweden — to play a larger role in Europe’s energy transition and nuclear fuel supply security.

    “It is very positive that the Riksdag is now backing the government’s proposal,” said Maria Sunér, CEO of the Swedish Mining Association (Svemin). “There are no factual reasons for uranium to be treated differently than other metals, and it is therefore entirely reasonable that we now have the opportunity to utilize the resources found in our bedrock efficiently.”

    A municipal veto on handling small quantities of uranium was also narrowed, reducing local barriers to development.

    Policy Shift and Strategic Context

    The repeal caps a two-year legislative push led by Sweden’s Climate and Enterprise Ministry. The government formally presented the bill in August 2025, describing uranium as strategic for both nuclear energy expansion and raw-materials security.

    Sweden operates six nuclear reactors, supplying roughly one-third of the nation’s electricity. Plans are underway to build several new reactors over the next decade to meet surging power demand.

    The change also aligns with broader EU supply-chain resilience goals, as the bloc seeks to reduce its dependence on imported uranium, particularly from Russia.

    Exploration Ready to Resume

    Several companies are preparing to act immediately.

    Australian explorer Aura Energy (ASX: AEE; AIM: AURA), which controls the Häggån polymetallic deposit in Jämtland, has already submitted a 25-year exploitation permit to Sweden’s Mining Inspectorate. Häggån’s JORC resource includes roughly 800 million lb of uranium oxide (U₃O₈) within a 2.55-billion-tonne vanadium deposit.

    “This vote means that from now on uranium has the potential to be an important contributor to Sweden’s economy and energy security and to support the region’s intention to triple nuclear power,” said Aura executive chairman Phil Mitchell.

    Canada’s District Metals (TSXV: DMX) also hailed the vote as a “historic step.” The company plans fieldwork in 2026 at its Viken project, including geophysics, drilling, and economic studies. Viken hosts an indicated resource of 176 million lb U₃O₈ and an inferred resource of 1.54 billion lb U₃O₈, alongside vanadium and molybdenum.

    Market Response

    Despite the legislative breakthrough, uranium developers saw modest share pullbacks:

    • Aura Energy fell 7% to A$0.20, trimming its 12-month gain to 46% (market cap A$188 million / $122 million).

    • District Metals slipped 6% to C$1.37, giving it a valuation of C$228 million ($162 million), though its stock has quadrupled in the past year.

    Next Steps

    A separate proposal is now under consultation until December 3 to redefine uranium mining so it is no longer legally classified as a nuclear installation. If adopted, that change would take effect on July 1, 2026, further simplifying the permitting process.

  • EU Sets Up “Special Channel” with China to Secure Rare Earth Supply

    EU Sets Up “Special Channel” with China to Secure Rare Earth Supply

    The European Union has established a special communication channel with Chinese authorities to ensure the continuous flow of rare earth materials essential for European industries, EU Trade Commissioner Maros Sefcovic said on Wednesday.

    The move comes after China imposed export controls on rare earths earlier this year, triggering alarm in Europe over possible disruptions to the supply of critical materials used in electric vehicles, wind turbines, and permanent magnets — key components for clean energy and high-tech manufacturing.

    Speaking at the 2025 GCC–EU Business Forum in Kuwait, Sefcovic told Reuters that he had held multiple discussions with Chinese Commerce Minister Wang Wentao, emphasizing that bureaucratic delays in export procedures could have a “very negative impact on production and manufacturing in the EU.”

    Fast-Track Cooperation Mechanism

    Brussels and Beijing have agreed to prioritize export permit applications from European companies. Through the newly established channel, EU and Chinese officials are jointly reviewing and fast-tracking export approvals for rare earth shipments.

    According to Sefcovic, European companies have submitted about 2,000 applications since the controls were introduced, with just over half already approved. He said the EU was urging China to accelerate the remaining cases while pursuing broader supply chain diversification.

    “We continue to press for faster processing,” Sefcovic said, adding that Europe is simultaneously developing alternative rare earth sources, including new mining and magnet production projects in Estonia.

    Wider Context

    The announcement follows months of tension between Europe and Beijing after China’s export restrictions on rare earths and related technologies. Although subsequent deals with the EU and the United States helped ease the immediate supply squeeze, both regions have intensified efforts to reduce dependence on Chinese critical materials.

    On Tuesday, the European Commission confirmed that EU and Chinese officials discussed introducing general export licenses to simplify rare earth shipments — similar to arrangements reportedly secured by the United States.

  • Savannah Resources Raises £9.2 Million in Oversubscribed Fundraise to Advance Barroso Lithium Project

    Savannah Resources Raises £9.2 Million in Oversubscribed Fundraise to Advance Barroso Lithium Project

    Savannah Resources Plc (AIM: SAV, FWB: SAV, SWB: SAV) announced it has successfully completed an oversubscribed £9.2 million (US$12 million) capital raise through a Placing and Subscription, with strong demand from existing and new institutional investors.

    The fundraising, managed through an accelerated bookbuild by SP Angel Corporate Finance LLP (Global Coordinator and Joint Bookrunner), alongside Canaccord Genuity Limited, Caixa-Banco de Investimento S.A., and Alantra Equities S.V. S.A., was significantly oversubscribed and scaled back as a result.

    The Company raised £5.9 million (US$7.6 million) via the Placing of 158.7 million shares and a further minimum £3.4 million (US$4.4 million) through a Subscription of at least 90.8 million shares, both at an issue price of 3.7 pence per share.

    Savannah’s Retail Offer remains open until 12:00 p.m. on 11 November 2025, after which final subscription totals will be confirmed.

    Use of Proceeds

    Net proceeds from the fundraise will strengthen Savannah’s financial position and accelerate development of the Barroso Lithium Project in northern Portugal — the largest battery-grade spodumene lithium resource in Europe and a European Commission “Strategic Project” under the Critical Raw Materials Act.

    Funds will be used to:

    • Acquire the Aldeia Mining Lease, which contains the highest-grade deposit within the Barroso Project area.

    • Advance Front-End Engineering Design (FEED) and long-lead item procurement.

    • Progress grid connection work and land control for infrastructure.

    • Cover project financing costs and provide additional working capital.

    CEO Statement

    Emanuel Proença, Chief Executive Officer, commented:

    “The strong demand from investors, which exceeded our US$12 million target, reflects growing confidence in the Barroso Lithium Project and renewed optimism in the lithium sector.

    With total cash reserves of approximately £20 million (US$26 million), Savannah is well positioned to move beyond the DFS and into pre-construction with confidence.

    The additional capital allows us to acquire the Aldeia Mining Lease and further progress critical workstreams ahead of construction.”

    Proença added that Savannah continues to expand its institutional investor base across Portugal, the UK, and Europe, with participation from both sector specialists and generalist investors. Retail investors are now able to participate through the open offer.

    Related Party Participation

    Key management and major shareholders took part in the subscription:

    Participant Subscription Shares Value (£) Resulting Shareholding
    Rick Anthon (Chairman) 550,676 £20,375 1,264,962 shares
    Emanuel Proença (CEO) 387,676 £14,352 3,124,556 shares
    Henrique Freire (CFO) 220,050 £8,135 2,520,050 shares

    Major shareholders also increased their stakes:

    • AMG Lithium B.V. subscribed for 39.1 million shares, bringing its total to 400.8 million shares.

    • Grupo Lusiaves SGPS, S.A. subscribed for 24.95 million shares (total 255.9 million).

    • Pluris Investments S.A. subscribed for 24.95 million shares (total 255.9 million).

    Their participation constitutes a related party transaction under AIM Rule 13. Independent directors Diogo da Silveira and Bruce Griffin reviewed the terms and deemed them fair and reasonable for shareholders.

    Admission and Next Steps

    Application has been made for the new shares to be admitted to trading on AIM. Dealings in the Placing and Subscription Shares are expected to commence at 8:00 a.m. on 12 November 2025.

    A separate announcement will follow for the Retail Offer results and Admission of additional shares.

    About Savannah Resources

    Savannah Resources Plc is a European lithium development company focused on the Barroso Lithium Project in northern Portugal. Once operational, the project is expected to produce around 190,000 tonnes per year of spodumene concentrate, enough lithium for approximately 500,000 electric vehicle battery packs annually.

    Through responsible development, Savannah aims to support Europe’s energy transition and contribute to the EU’s target of 10% domestic lithium supply by 2030.

  • Sweden’s Parliament Lifts Uranium Mining Ban Amid Narrow Vote and Environmental Concerns

    Sweden’s Parliament Lifts Uranium Mining Ban Amid Narrow Vote and Environmental Concerns

    The Swedish Parliament (Riksdag) has narrowly voted to lift the national ban on uranium mining, reopening the door to domestic extraction of the nuclear fuel for the first time since 2018.

    The decision passed by just one vote, with support from the government coalition and the Sweden Democrats, while the opposition — including the Green Party and Social Democrats — strongly opposed the measure.

    Supporters of the move argue that uranium mining is essential for Sweden’s long-term energy stability as the country expands its nuclear power capacity. Critics, however, warn that the decision poses significant environmental and social risks, particularly for rural municipalities with uranium-rich deposits.

    “This is a step backwards for environmental protection and public safety,” said Amanda Lind, a Green Party representative, sharply criticising the government’s decision.

    Key Changes and Next Steps

    Under the new legislation, mines with small uranium reserves will no longer be subject to strict permit requirements or municipal veto rights, which had previously allowed local authorities to block mining projects.
    This effectively simplifies the approval process and allows uranium to be treated as a secondary raw material in broader mining operations.

    The legal changes will take effect on January 1, with further reforms planned for mid-2026 that could fully abolish municipal veto powers and reclassify uranium extraction from a “nuclear instrument” to a “nuclear activity,” reducing procedural delays for industry.

    Local Concerns

    The decision has sparked strong reactions in uranium-rich regions such as Falköping, Östersund, and Vilhelmina, where local leaders and residents fear potential impacts on water quality, farmland, livestock, and rural landscapes.

    “We risk losing public trust if local communities feel overruled,” said one municipal council member quoted in Swedish media.

    Nuclear Expansion Context

    Sweden currently operates six nuclear reactors and plans to build additional ones in the next decade to meet rising electricity demand and reduce dependence on fossil fuels.

    The previous uranium mining ban, introduced in 2018 by the Social Democratic government, aimed to limit environmental risks and reduce nuclear proliferation concerns.

    However, following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022, Sweden halted uranium imports from Russia, which previously supplied state-owned utility Vattenfall AB. The government now sees domestic uranium extraction as a way to cut import costs and secure a stable fuel supply for its expanding nuclear fleet.

    The Bigger Picture

    The debate highlights Sweden’s broader energy dilemma — how to balance green transition goals, energy independence, and public environmental concerns.

    While the repeal marks a significant policy shift, it also deepens divisions between advocates of energy security and defenders of environmental safeguards.

  • Turkey’s Miryildiz Mining to Launch Gold and Copper Production in Kazakhstan by 2026

    Turkey’s Miryildiz Mining to Launch Gold and Copper Production in Kazakhstan by 2026

    Turkish mining company Miryildiz Mining plans to begin gold and copper production in Kazakhstan by late 2026, the company’s CEO Emrah Erdem announced at the Kazakhstan Global Investment Roundtable (KGIR).

    “We are engaged in gold and copper mining. Our plants in Turkey have been operating for nearly ten years. I hope that by the end of 2026, we will start gold production in Kazakhstan,” Erdem said.

    According to him, Miryildiz Mining is currently working in cooperation with the Development Bank of Kazakhstan (DBK), a subsidiary of the Baiterek Holding.

    The company operates in five countries, extracting gold, copper, chromium, and other metals, with Turkey remaining its primary market. It produces around 1 million tonnes of copper ore annually.

    “We have now set targets for copper mining in Kazakhstan,” Erdem said, adding that the company sees strong potential for copper extraction in East Kazakhstan, particularly in the Abai and Pavlodar regions.

    He also highlighted promising opportunities in the gold and rare earth metals sectors, noting Kazakhstan’s untapped mineral wealth.

    $482 Million Mining and Processing Project

    Earlier this year, Miryildiz Mining presented a $482 million project to construct a mining and processing complex (MPC) in the Zhanan-Boko-Zaisan gold ore zone to Abai Region Governor Berik Uali. The facility is expected to employ around 2,000 workers.

    The company has already completed geological exploration and purchased some of the necessary extraction and ore-processing equipment.

    Global Footprint

    Miryildiz Mining holds over 100 exploration and production licenses worldwide and is active in Central African Republic (CAR), Sierra Leone, and The Gambia, where it is also building a gold mining operation.

    In Kazakhstan, its subsidiary MIRYILDIZ KZ Ltd plans to conduct metal exploration at the Takyr site in the Zhetysu and Abai regions between 2025 and 2030.

    Market Context

    The company’s expansion comes amid record-high commodity prices — copper surpassed $11,000 per tonne, and gold exceeded $4,000 per ounce in 2025 — boosting investment in mining and geological exploration across the sector.

  • ‘Europe’s Lithium Paradox’: Documentary Highlights Europe’s Struggle Between Green Ambitions and Mining Reality

    ‘Europe’s Lithium Paradox’: Documentary Highlights Europe’s Struggle Between Green Ambitions and Mining Reality

    Europe is facing a “critical crossroads” in its green transition, warns Dr. Peter Tom Jones, director of the KU Leuven Institute for Sustainable Metals and Minerals, whose new documentary Europe’s Lithium Paradox explores the continent’s mounting dilemma over lithium extraction.

    The one-hour film focuses on two key European lithium projects — in Portugal and Serbia — both stalled amid fierce public opposition and political hesitation. As Europe pushes to electrify transport and expand renewable energy, it finds itself torn between the need for raw materials and growing citizen resistance to mining.

    “You can’t recycle your way out of a fossil fuel economy,” Jones says. “You have to mine first — we simply don’t have enough scrap in Europe, and we won’t until at least 2035. That leaves us with a ten-year gap.”

    Europe’s Feedstock Crisis

    Jones argues that Europe’s transition to clean energy is being undermined by a lack of “feedstock” — the raw materials required for batteries, solar panels, and electric vehicles. While recycling giants like Umicore have proven high-level battery recovery is possible, the continent’s reliance on imported lithium remains a major vulnerability.

    He estimates that lithium mined in Serbia alone could power at least one million electric vehicles, potentially creating a “new ecosystem” including a refinery, battery recycling hub, and full supply chain infrastructure.

    “With ten or more industrial-scale mining sites — compared to just four today, one of which is idle — Europe could achieve self-sufficiency in lithium,” he insists. “We need to act now to avoid sleepwalking into the abyss.”

    A “Minerals Cold War”

    In the film, Jones warns that the geopolitical race for critical minerals is intensifying.

    “China and the U.S. aren’t playing by the rules — they’re making their own,” he says. “Donald Trump is pushing a capitalist model with minimum price floors for lithium, while China is restricting exports of technology metals. Europe is a bystander in this minerals cold war.”

    He argues that Europe’s regulatory delays, public protests, and political indecision risk leaving it strategically dependent on foreign supply chains — with devastating consequences for its industrial competitiveness.

    Between Industry and Activism

    Europe’s Lithium Paradox aims to spark informed debate, but its reception has been polarized. In both Serbia and Portugal, local communities refused to speak on camera, accusing the filmmakers of promoting mining interests. Ironically, mining companies also distanced themselves from the project, with some reportedly banning employees from watching it for being “too critical.”

    Jones acknowledges the tension but maintains that the documentary is “grounded in science, not politics.”

    “We’re trying to balance innovation with real-world concerns. I’ve heard the phrase ‘you can’t fight feelings with facts’ — but we can at least try to change the narrative,” he says.

    The film is currently touring European universities, R&D institutes, and industry conferences, and is also available on Amazon Prime.

    “Europe must move beyond entrenched positions and forge a united front,” Jones concludes. “This is not about taking sides — it’s about survival.”

  • Putin Orders Roadmap for Russia’s Rare-Earth Extraction as Global Competition Intensifies

    Putin Orders Roadmap for Russia’s Rare-Earth Extraction as Global Competition Intensifies

    Russian President Vladimir Putin has instructed his cabinet to develop a national roadmap for rare-earth mineral extraction by December 1, as global competition for critical raw materials intensifies and countries seek to reduce dependence on China’s near-monopoly in the sector.

    The directive, published Tuesday on the Kremlin’s website, also calls for the expansion of transport and logistics infrastructure at Russia’s borders with China and North Korea, including multimodal hubs and new railway links.

    Rare-earth elements—vital for smartphones, electric vehicles, wind turbines, and advanced weapons systems—have become a major point of strategic rivalry between the world’s largest economies.

    In April, U.S. President Donald Trump and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy signed an agreement granting the United States preferential access to Ukraine’s mineral resources and supporting U.S. investment in reconstruction projects. Moscow has since said it is also open to cooperation with the U.S. on rare-earth projects, though political and diplomatic tensions stemming from Russia’s ongoing war in Ukraine have stalled progress.

    Earlier this year, Kirill Dmitriev, Putin’s investment envoy, said U.S. firms had shown interest in Russian rare-earth ventures, but talks remain at an exploratory stage.

    Meanwhile, China, which dominates the global rare-earth supply chain, has tightened export controls in retaliation against Western tariffs, pushing Washington and its allies to accelerate domestic and alternative sources of supply.

    Putin’s order stems from discussions at the Far Eastern Economic Forum in Vladivostok in September, where he emphasized the strategic importance of developing Russia’s Far East as a resource and transport hub connecting Asia and Europe.

    According to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Russia’s known rare-earth reserves total about 3.8 million tonnes, though Moscow claims much higher figures. The Russian Natural Resources Ministry estimates 28.7 million tonnes of reserves across 15 different rare-earth metals as of January 2023. Even by Moscow’s count, however, Russia’s share remains relatively small compared to China’s dominant position.

    Putin also ordered the construction of new multimodal transport and logistics centers along the country’s borders with China and North Korea, including upgrades to two existing railway bridges and the completion of a new bridge to North Korea by 2026.

    Both China and North Korea have deepened economic cooperation with Russia amid Western sanctions, making regional integration and resource development key components of Moscow’s broader pivot to Asia strategy.

  • Vulcan Energy Secures Approval to Build Commercial Lithium Extraction Plant in Germany

    Vulcan Energy Secures Approval to Build Commercial Lithium Extraction Plant in Germany

    Vulcan Energy Resources, the German-Australian company pioneering geothermal lithium production in Europe, has received construction approval for its commercial Lithium Extraction Plant (LEP) in Landau, Germany, marking a key milestone toward establishing Europe’s first carbon-neutral lithium supply chain.

    The City of Landau granted the permit for the facility in the D12 industrial zone, complementing previously approved construction permits for the site’s ORC geothermal power plant and 110/20 kV substation. According to Vulcan, it now holds all necessary permits to construct its combined geothermal and lithium extraction plant (G-LEP) in Landau.

    In the project’s first phase, Vulcan plans to produce several thousand tonnes of lithium chloride, which will be transported to Frankfurt-Höchst for further conversion into battery-grade lithium hydroxide monohydrate (LHM). Once fully operational, annual production is expected to reach 24,000 tonnes of LHM — enough to supply approximately 500,000 electric vehicles per year.

    The company’s lithium extraction process uses geothermal brine from the Upper Rhine Valley, home to Europe’s largest combined geothermal and lithium resource. Vulcan’s technology captures geothermal heat for district heating and renewable electricity generation, while extracting lithium chloride from cooled brine before reinjecting it underground. The company notes that the entire operation will be “carbon neutral and fossil fuel-free over its life cycle.”

    Vulcan has already tested the process at pilot scale in Landau and Höchst. In April 2024, the company’s Lithium Extraction Optimisation Plant (LEOP) successfully produced the first lithium chloride from geothermal brine, later refined into battery-grade lithium hydroxide at the Central Lithium Electrolysis Optimisation Plant (CLEOP) in Höchst.

    The upcoming commercial-scale LEP will be built later this year, contingent on the completion of the €690 million financing package for both Landau and Höchst facilities. The German federal government and the states of Rhineland-Palatinate and Hesse have pledged €103.6 million in funding through the EU’s Temporary Crisis and Transition Framework (TCTF) under the “Resilience and Sustainability of the Battery Cell Manufacturing Ecosystem” program.

    In March 2025, the European Union designated Vulcan’s Landau facility as one of 47 strategic projects under the Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA).

    To secure final financing, Vulcan is leveraging offtake agreements with several major customers. Its latest supply deal, signed with Glencore, covers 36,000–44,000 tonnes of LHM over eight years. The company has also revised earlier agreements with Umicore (23,000 tonnes over six years), LG Energy Solution (31,000 tonnes over six years), and Stellantis (128,000 tonnes over ten years).

    While construction will begin soon, deliveries are now expected later than initially planned. Once operational, Vulcan’s German facilities will play a central role in Europe’s battery supply chain, reducing dependence on imported lithium and advancing the EU’s green industrial strategy.

  • Critical Metals Secures Key Environmental Approvals for Tanbreez Rare Earth Project in Greenland

    Critical Metals Secures Key Environmental Approvals for Tanbreez Rare Earth Project in Greenland

    U.S.-based Critical Metals Corp. (Nasdaq: CRML) has received key environmental approvals for its Tanbreez rare earth project in southern Greenland, marking a major step toward the start of mining operations at one of the world’s largest rare earth deposits.

    The company announced on Tuesday that the Environment Agency for Mineral Resource Activities (EAMRA) has approved the geochemical test work and mine closure plan for the Hill area of the project. The reports, submitted in late September, were prepared by Danish engineering firm NIRAS, a leading environmental consultancy in the Nordic region.

    “The fast approval of these test reports, which can be credited to Greenland authorities as well as the professional work by NIRAS, is a key milestone for Critical Metals Corp towards commencing the mining process at Tanbreez,” said Tony Sage, CEO and Executive Chairman of Critical Metals.

    According to the company, only a few approvals remain — including the final parts of the mine and closure plan and plans for specific activities at the site.

    Following the announcement, Critical Metals’ shares rose nearly 3% to $11.26, giving the company a market capitalization of approximately $1.33 billion.

    A World-Class Rare Earth Deposit

    The Tanbreez project is among the largest rare earth deposits globally, with an estimated 45 million tonnes of resources spread across two main zones — Hill and Fjord. Roughly one-third of this total comprises heavy rare earth elements (HREEs), critical for clean energy technologies, advanced electronics, and defense applications. This makes Tanbreez the largest known heavy rare earth deposit worldwide.

    A preliminary economic assessment (PEA) released earlier this year estimated the project’s net present value (NPV) at $2.8–3.6 billion (depending on discount rates of 15% or 12.5%) and an internal rate of return (IRR) of 180%. The company plans an initial production phase of around 85,000 tonnes of rare earth oxides per year, scaling up to 425,000 tonnes annually following modular expansion.

    The orebody spans an area of 8 km by 5 km, but represents just 1% of the larger 4.7-billion-tonne host rock, suggesting strong potential for future expansion. Exploration work is ongoing at both deposit zones to support a forthcoming bankable feasibility study.

  • Greater Sudbury Hosts Hungarian Delegation to Strengthen Ties in Critical Minerals and Clean Technology

    Greater Sudbury Hosts Hungarian Delegation to Strengthen Ties in Critical Minerals and Clean Technology

    The City of Greater Sudbury welcomed a high-level delegation from the Consulate General of Hungary in Toronto last week at Tom Davies Square, marking what city officials described as an important step toward deepening international collaboration and innovation.

    Mayor Paul Lefebvre, joined by members of the city’s economic development team, met with János Jákó, Consul General of Hungary; Máté Árpád Igaz, Deputy Head of Mission; and Gábor Péter Markocsány, Consul and Diaspora Liaison Diplomat. The discussions centered on battery production, critical minerals supply chains, and partnerships between Canadian and Hungarian universities.

    Hungary is quickly emerging as a European hub for electric vehicle (EV) battery production, attracting major global investments. By 2030, the country is projected to hold the second-largest planned battery manufacturing capacity in the world — despite not mining critical minerals domestically. This dependency on imports creates new opportunities for cooperation with resource-rich regions such as Greater Sudbury, which is internationally recognized for its responsibly sourced minerals and clean technology innovation.

    Following the meeting, the Hungarian delegation toured several local organizations to learn more about Sudbury’s mining expertise, sustainability practices, and innovation ecosystem.

    “The visit laid the foundation for a growing partnership between Greater Sudbury and Hungary,” the city said in a statement, highlighting shared priorities of sustainability, innovation, and economic development. It also reaffirmed Sudbury’s position as a leader in clean technology, mining innovation, and international collaboration.