Most economies would struggle to keep industry running for more than a few weeks if global supplies of critical minerals were suddenly disrupted, highlighting a major vulnerability at the heart of the modern economy
Critical minerals underpin everything from electric vehicles and renewable energy systems to electronics and defence equipment Yet their production and processing are highly concentrated in a small number of countries, leaving supply chains exposed to geopolitical tensions, trade restrictions and conflict, according to the International Energy Agency
In response, governments have begun building strategic stockpiles intended to buffer industries against shocks However, a review of publicly disclosed reserves shows that most countries remain poorly prepared
