The European Union has intensified efforts to strengthen critical mineral supply chains that underpin the energy transition, but analysts warn that Europe is moving more slowly and offering weaker support than the United States, leaving it exposed to China’s dominant position in global markets
China already controls much of the global supply of solar power components and dominates processing capacity for key battery and clean energy materials, including lithium, nickel, cobalt, manganese, graphite, rare earths and permanent magnets According to Eurostat, 95% of EU rare earth imports in 2024 came from just three countries: China, Malaysia and Russia