The International Energy Agency (IEA) has raised concerns over the increasing concentration of critical mineral supplies and the growing use of export restrictions, warning that these trends heighten the risk of severe disruptions to global markets In the latest edition of its Global Critical Minerals Outlook, the agency provides a detailed analysis of supply chains, demand, investment, and policy trends across vital energy-related minerals, including lithium, copper, cobalt, graphite, and rare earth elements (REEs)
According to the report, the global supply of critical minerals has become more concentrated, particularly in refining and processing